以信息化、智能化为特征的数字化时代的到来推动了桥梁工程技术的发展与创新,有必要将云计算、大数据、人工智能、3D打印、机器人等战略性新兴产业技术与桥梁工程相融合,从智能设计、智能施工、智能运维等多个维度,推进桥梁工业化、数字化、智能化升级。本文从桥梁信息化、智能检测与安全运维、智能防灾减灾、智能材料等方面,综述了2020年该领域前沿技术和重要成果,总结了研究热点与前景展望。分析表明：BIM技术可以提升桥梁正向设计精细化水平、施工过程控制和管理准确化程度；无人机、机器人等智能检测技术与机器学习、卷积神经网络等人工智能技术提高了桥梁检测的精度和效率；高性能智能材料的应用促进了桥梁结构的自感知性、自适应性、自调节性和自诊断性；基于人工智能的自然灾害监测与预警为桥梁智能防灾减灾提供了新的发展思路。未来应将人工智能技术深度融合桥梁设计、建造和养维护的全生命周期,顺应信息化、智能化的发展趋势,实现桥梁强国梦。

With the advent of digital era characterized by informatization and intelligence, the development and innovation of bridge engineering technology are promoted. It is necessary to integrate cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, 3D printing, robot and other strategic emerging industrial technologies with bridge engineering, and promote the industrialization, digitization and intelligent upgrading of bridges from multiple dimensions such as intelligent design, construction, operation and maintenance. This paper reviews related frontier technologies and important achievements worldwide in 2020, with regard to bridge informatization, intelligent inspection, safety operation and maintenance, intelligent disaster prevention/mitigation, intelligent materials, and summarizes the research hotspots and prospects. According to the review, BIM technologies can improve the refinement of bridge forward design, the accuracy of construction process control and management. Intelligent inspection technologies (e.g. UAV and robots) and artificial intelligence technologies (e.g. machine learning and convolution neural network) improve the accuracy and efficiency of bridge inspection and monitoring. Applications of high-performance intelligent materials promotes the self-perception, self-adaptability, self-adjustment and self-diagnosis of bridge. Natural disaster monitoring and early warning based on artificial intelligence (AI) provides new development idea for bridge intelligent disaster prevention. To conform to the development trend of informatization and intelligence, future research should deeply integrate artificial intelligence technology into the whole life cycle of bridge design, construction and maintenance to realize the dream of bridge power.

TU375.4

国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目）