The unqualified dimensions of the prefabricated components during the production process will result in the inability to install smoothly on the construction site, thereby affecting the construction period. This paper takes the prefabricated laminated board as an example to study the intelligent detection method in the production process. Through the YOLOv5 algorithm, it realizes the identification of the concrete plate, the embedded PVC line box, and the overhanging steel bar, and uses the fixed magnetic box as a benchmark for size detection error analysis. Realize the detection of the size of the concrete plate and the coordinates of the embedded PVC wire box, and maintain a high recognition accuracy under the working conditions of reducing the parameter scale of the training database. The results show that this method can effectively detect the number and size of the plate of the prefabricated laminated board, the number and position of the embedded PVC line box, and overhanging steel bars with unqualified bending directions. The method can reduce labor costs, improve detection accuracy, speed up detection, increase the factory pass rate of prefabricated laminates, and provide relevant references for the intelligent production of prefabricated components.