In order to investigate soil stability during shield tunneling in soft soil stratum, a TJ-TBM2015 multi-functional micro-tunneling test platform is developed independently. The shield shell diameter is changed to simulate the ground loss. By using the dynamic control system, the micro-tunneling boring machine can realize the continuous dynamic mechanical excavation. Based on the test platform, three tests of shield tunneling under different tunnelling conditions are carried out, including no overloading (C1), local overloading (C2) and tunneling near the pile group foundation (C3). The surface subsidence and stress variety around tunnel are monitored by transducer to investigate the soil stability of different tests, which further give the comparison and discussion on the different test results. The results show that the soil within the diameter of 1 time from the tunnel center is greatly affected by tunneling, and the stress redistribution phenomenon is very obvious. Local overloading may increase the surface settlement locally and pile group foundation plays a certain role in strengthening and isolating the stratum.