Energy pile is a new type of structure which can not only exchange energy with soil, but also bear the upper load. In the seasonal frozen soil area, the upper soil layer would be frozen, and thawing settlement, frost heaving and self-deformation of the pile caused by temperature variation are the main problems to be solved for the application of energy pile in this area. According to the distribution characteristics of ground temperature in seasonal frozen soil areas, the soil is divided into frozen layer and non-frozen layer, and the model tests are carried out respectively. The pile and soil temperature distribution, pore water pressure of the soil surrounding the pile and settlement deformation of the pile of the energy pile after multiple temperature cycles in frozen and non-frozen layers were measured. The results show that irreversible settlement displacement of the pile top will occur after multiple cycles of cooling. After 5 cycles of cooling, the settlement of the pile top reached 0.95%D (D is the diameter of the pile), while the settlement of the pile would not reach stable state. In the frozen layer, thawing settlement of the pile would occur in the heating process, and frost heaving of the pile would occur in the recovery process. The settlement displacement caused by thawing settlement gradually decreased with the increase of thermal cycles, and disappears after the third heating cycle. The first, second and third thaw settlement displacements reached 5.9% D, 0.93% D and 0.11% D, respectively. During each cycle, although the rising displacement caused by frost heaving decreases in each following cycle, it still existed after five cycles, and the displacement caused by frost heaving rose in a ladder shape. The pile heave was produced in the end and reached 3.8%D.