In order to further study the compressive performance of 3D printed concrete permanent formwork composite columns, an interface based model was established to analyze the load-displacement response and failure mode under axial compression of 3D printed concrete permanent formwork composite columns and the cast-in-place columns with same size based on the axial compression test. On this basis, the parameter sensitivity analysis of 3D printed concrete permanent formwork composite columns is carried out. The research shows that the ultimate axial bearing capacity of composite columns increases with the increase of shear strength, stiffness and compressive strength of cast-in-place concrete. Eccentric load causes partial tension of one side formwork and tensile damage at weak interface will greatly reduce the ultimate bearing capacity of composite columns.