In order to investigate the mechanical properties of polyethylene fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (PE-ECC) with rubber powder, static and impact resistance tests were carried out on the PE-ECC varying parameters of rubber powder particle sizes and strain rates. Elastic modulus, Poisson"s ratio, cubic compressive strength, primal strength, split tensile strength, and axial tensile strength of the rubber powder PE-ECC were experimentally obtained, and the influence of rubber powder particle sizes on static mechanical properties of the PE-ECC were analyzed. The impact performance of the PE-ECC with rubber powder was evaluated using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) system, and the dynamic growth factor of the strain rate on the dynamic impact factor (DIF), peak dynamic stress, and peak dynamic strain were analyzed. Experimental results indicate that the mechanical properties of the PE-ECC decreased with the usage of rubber powder. For the particle size of rubber powder ranged from 0.2 mm to 0.9 mm, the PE-ECC with particle sizes of 0.3 mm for rubber powder exhibited acceptable static and dynamic performance. Comparing to the PE-ECC without any rubbers, the cubic compressive strength, primal strength, elastic modulus, and dynamic compressive strength of the PE-ECC using 0.30 mm-particle size rubber powder and a volume content of 10% decreased by 8.9%, 15.6%,10.8%, and 23.4%, respectively. Moreover, the PE-ECC with rubber powder possessed typical strain-hardening behavior, and the ultimate tensile strain for the PE-ECC with rubber powders in 0.20 mm~0.90 mm particle sizes was approximately 4.6%. With the increase of strain rate, the DIF, dynamic compressive strength, and peak dynamic strain of PE-ECC with rubber powder increased significantly, while the peak dynamic strain of the PE-ECC was barely increased with the particle sizes of rubber powder.