Occupants’ behaviors have great influence on building energy consumption, and family structure is one of the important factors affecting occupants" behaviors. Based on the questionnaire survey and field measure, 12 families with different family structure information such as number, algebra and age in Chongqing were selected, and collect the operating parameters such as air-conditioning opening and closing time in summer. The association rules between family structure parameters and air-conditioning behavior were analyzed by using association rule algorithm, and it was found that the number, algebra and minimum age of members in family structure parameters were significantly correlated with air-conditioning operation time (operation duration and opening time period). Algebra is the most important feature of air-conditioning operation duration in different functional rooms. The air-conditioning operation duration increases with the increase of the algebra. The air-conditioning operation duration of three generations of families in different functional rooms is longer than that of other generations of families. The minimum age is the secondary characteristic of the air-conditioning operation duration of rooms with different functions. In families of the same generation, the air-conditioning operation duration of families with the minimum age of teenagers or preschool children will be higher than that of families with the minimum age of youth or middle age. The main parameters related to the air-conditioning operation time in the family structure characteristics are found out, which provides basic data for predicting the air-conditioning energy consumption and helping the building to save energy and reduce emissions.