In the working process of energy pile, the pile body will produce thermal deformation influenced by temperature and, induce cyclic shear action on the soil around the pile, which will weaken the bearing capacity of the foundation and bring risks to the normal use of the pile foundation. Because the traditional direct shear apparatus could not simulate the temperature variation of the soil, there is little research on the mechanical properties of the pile-soil interface affected by the temperature. In this paper, the traditional direct shear apparatus was modified to simulate the temperature variation. Because the soil properties in mountainous area are different from those in plain areas, the soil used in this test was sampled from a construction site in Chongqing, and the geotechnical direct shear tests of pile-soil interface under different temperature load were carried out. The effects of single temperature load and cyclic temperature load on the mechanical properties of the pile-soil interface were analyzed. Meanwhile, the difference between the mechanical properties of pile-soil interface and soil was compared. The results showed that the shear strength of pile-silt interface was influenced significantly by the temperature. During cooling, the shear strength of pile-silt interface would increase, and it would increase as the temperature increased to a certain degree during heating. Temperature cycles had a great influence on the mechanical properties of pile-soil interface under low normal stress, while it had no significant influence under high normal stress. The variations of shear strength, friction angle and cohesion of the soil influenced by temperature was similar to those of pile-soil interface, but the shear strength of the soil was greater than that of pile-soil interface at the same temperature.