With the continuous improvement of the level of urbanization, China's annual new construction area of about 2 billion m2, large-scale infrastructure construction of civil engineering theory and technological innovation increasingly demanding. Scholars have found that organisms have unique external morphology and organizational structure by studying the phenomena of reinforcement and toughening, underwater adhesion, drilling and tunneling, light weight and high strength in nature. By imitating the external morphology, structural characteristics or motion mechanism of organisms, they can provide new ideas, new principles and new theories for the innovation and sustainable development of civil engineering technology. This paper mainly expounds the application of bionics in civil engineering from three aspects: bionic materials, bionic structures and bionic constructions, and lists typical application cases. Finally, the bionic civil engineering is summarized and prospected, which provides basic materials for future research. As an emerging research direction, the basic theory of bionic civil engineering is still not perfect. At the same time, bionic civil engineering involves the interdisciplinary research of biology, materials, structure and other disciplines, and it is necessary to carry out cooperation between different fields.