牺牲桩截面特性对圆柱桥墩局部冲刷影响试验研究
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西南交通大学土木工程学院

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中图分类号:

TU375.4

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金(U21A20154,52222804)


Experimental Study on the Influence of Sacrificial Pile Section Characteristics on Local Scour of Cylindrical Pier
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Affiliation:

southwest jiaotong university

Fund Project:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U21A20154,52222804)

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    摘要:

    墩前牺牲桩防护是减小桥墩局部冲刷的主要措施之一,现有的牺牲桩防护桥墩局部冲刷的研究主要集中于圆形截面,对牺牲桩截面特性对桥墩局部冲刷的影响关注较少。本文通过单向流循环水槽构建冲刷环境,开展不同直径与不同截面牺牲桩防护单桩桥墩局部冲刷物理模型试验并,试验通过水下高清摄像以及倾斜摄影技术实现了对局部冲刷深度发展历程和冲刷平衡时刻的冲刷坑形态的精准测量,进而探究了牺牲桩直径与截面形式对机采集模型局部冲刷深度并利用倾斜摄影测量技术对达到冲刷平衡的冲刷坑形态进行影像扫描。首先对无防护单桩桥墩局部冲刷进行分析,并验证倾斜摄影技术可靠性;然后对不同直径与不同截面牺牲桩防护单桩桥墩局部冲刷进行防护效果的影响规律分析。研究结果试验表明:牺牲桩直径与截面形状是影响桥墩局部冲刷防护效果的关键因素,牺牲桩对后方桥墩的防护效果随牺牲桩直径的增大而增大,相比方形和圆形截面牺牲桩,菱形截面牺牲桩对桥墩的冲刷防护效果更好;牺牲桩防护会影响后方桥墩冲刷坑变化的剧烈程度,防护效果越好,后方冲刷坑变化越平缓;牺牲桩防护会加快冲刷达到平衡状态的时间,牺牲桩直径越大,到达冲刷平衡状态的时间越短。由此得出结论,采用牺牲桩开展桥墩局部冲刷防护时,应合理确定牺牲桩尺寸和截面特性,从而提高冲刷防护效果。

    Abstract:

    The protection of sacrificial piles is one of the main measures to reduce local scour of bridge piers. Existing research on the protection of local scour by sacrificial piles mainly focuses on circular sections and pays less attention to the influence of section characteristics of sacrificial piles on local scour. In this study, physical model experiments with sacrificial piles of different diameters and cross-sections were carried out to protect a single bridge pier from local scour in a unidirectional flow circulating flume. During the experiment, the development of local scour depth and the scour pit shape at the scour balance were accurately measured by underwater high-definition camera and tilt photogrammetry. The study investigated the influence of sacrificial piles diameter and section shape on the protective effect of sacrificial piles for a single pier against local scour. The result show that the diameter and section shape of the sacrificial pile are key factors affecting the local scour protection effect of the bridge pier. The protective effect of the sacrificial pile on the rear pier increases with the increase of the sacrificial pile diameter. Compared with square and circular cross-section sacrificial piles, the rhombus section sacrificial pile has a better scour protection effect on bridge piers. The sacrificial pile protection will affect the severity of the scour pit change around the rear pier, and the better the protection effect, the gentler the change of the rear scour pit. Additionally, the protection of the sacrificial pile accelerates the time for the scour to reach the equilibrium state, and the larger the diameter of the sacrificial pile, the shorter the time to reach the scour equilibrium state. Therefore, when using sacrificial piles to protect against local scour of bridge piers, the section characteristics of sacrificial piles should be reasonably considered to improve the scour protection effect.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-16
  • 最后修改日期:2023-04-17
  • 录用日期:2023-04-21
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