：Based on indoor model test study of TBM cutter, the evolution characteristics of highly abrasive granite sample penetration load under different confining pressure conditions were studied by three different rock-breaking modes (complete rock breaking, same-trajectory rock breaking and different-trajectory rock breaking). Focusing on revealing the changes of penetration load-penetration depth characteristic curve, peak load and maximum drop amplitude. Obtaining the force characteristics of TBM cutter under different rock-breaking modes and confining pressure conditions. The results show that: (1) The penetration load-penetration depth characteristic curve of the low confining pressure group in the high confining pressure group falls first, The drop amplitude is small, but its corresponding penetration load is not a peak load. while the initial drop load in the low confining pressure group is a peak load with a large drop amplitude (2) At medium to high confining pressures of 10-15 MPa , The peak load and penetration load have the smallest maximum drop amplitude, which is the optimal excavation environment for TBM by pre-cutting slit.(3) Under low confining pressure condition, the different trajectory rock-breaking mode can effectively reduce the TBM penetration load compared with the same trajectory rock-breaking mode. However, under each confining pressure condition, the rock sample with the same trajectory rock-breaking mode has wedge failure, and its maximum drop amplitude is the smallest, which can reduce the impact load of the cutter, and reduce the cutter wear.