Most of the existing ancient buildings are in service with injuries, and the internal damage state is complex and diverse. Meanwhile, the reinforcement and maintenance of the ancient buildings carried out by the later generations and the original damage have the opposite impact on the safety performance of the original structure. In order to realize the preventive protection of ancient buildings, it is necessary to quantify the damaged state of pure wooden structures of ancient buildings and the impact of repair measures on their safety state. Based on the survey and statistical data of the damaged state of various components of Feiyun Wood Pavilion in Wanrong, Shanxi Province, and combined with existing norms and engineering experience, this paper divides the damaged state of components in detail, establishes a four-level fuzzy hierarchical analysis model, and determines the weight value and judgment matrix of the load-bearing components and the damage types of components in the structure. The security state of Feiyun Wood Pavilion is evaluated by fuzzy analytical hierarchical approach. The results show that the fuzzy analytical hierarchy safety evaluation model established can reflect the damage state and the impact of repair measures on the safety state of Feiyun Wood Pavilion, effectively link structural evaluation with component evaluation, and verify that repair measures can effectively enhance the safety and stability of the ancient building structure. The model and method can be applied to the safety grade evaluation of multi-storey ancient wooden structures.