In order to find out the influence of screw height on the bearing characteristics of threaded pile and soil around the pile under vertical load, this paper studied the influence of different screw height on the bearing performance of pile, soil failure characteristics around the pile and soil displacement field around the pile through indoor half-surface model pile test combined with digital image correlation technology (DIC). The Abaqus numerical simulation method was used to verify the results of the model test, and the value range of screw height was extended. The law of the ultimate bearing capacity and material utilization ratio of screw pile and the distribution of soil stress field around the pile were analyzed. The results show that the bearing capacity of pile is increased, the influence range of the soil displacement around the pile gradually is increased and the development of shear failure of soil around the pile can be delayed with increase of the screw height. As the settlement of the pile body increases, the load on the pile top gradually evolves from being borne by the pile side resistance to being borne by the pile end resistance. Although increasing the screw height can enhance the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile, there is a peak in the utilization rate of the pile body material.