Dynamic compaction is a widely employed foundation treatment method, but the resultant surface vibrations can potentially lead to damage in nearby constructions. Therefore, it is crucial to determine appropriate safety distances and implement effective vibration absorption methods tailored to specific situations. Drawing from the dynamic compaction process at Fuzhou Changle International Airport, we conducted on-site tests to acquire essential data and subsequently performed simulations using the discrete element method. Our findings revealed that, under identical energy levels, lighter hammers result in higher soil velocities. Moreover, heavier hammers exhibit a broader influence and lead to a slower attenuation process compared to their lighter counterparts. Simulation results demonstrated that the attenuation process can be accurately modeled using hyperbolic functions, a conclusion substantiated by the results of our field experiments. Damping ditch calculations indicated that vibration velocities increase before the ditch and decrease thereafter. In accordance with relevant standards and calculation outcomes, the recommended safety distance for vibration in this field is 20 meters without a damping ditch, a distance that can be reduced to 10 meters with the implementation of a damping ditch. This research offers valuable insights and references for addressing related issues.