利用TAW-2000试验机、摄像装置和PCI-2型声发射仪，对干燥和饱水两种状态下的含孔洞红砂岩开展单轴压缩试验，探究干燥和饱水状态下含孔洞红砂岩的受力变形特征、裂纹扩展机制、声发射特性及能量演化规律。结果表明，饱水单孔岩样力学参数显著降低，脆性跌落系数大幅提高；单孔岩样裂纹扩展过程可以分为初始变形、裂纹萌生、稳定扩展和裂纹扩展四个阶段，其中饱水单孔岩样萌生的初始裂纹和次生裂纹更多更长，且在初始裂纹萌生时和裂纹失稳扩展时均产生了显著的荷载跌落现象；饱水和干燥单孔岩样声发射信号均主要集中在初始裂纹萌生时和裂纹失稳扩展时，且饱水单孔岩样声发射信号相对较弱，初始裂纹萌生时声发射信号多于裂纹失稳扩展时；与干燥单孔岩样相比，外部输入的能量更易于在饱水单孔岩样中耗散，饱水单孔岩样达到储能速率峰值更慢，能够储存的弹性能更少，更有利于降低岩样破坏时的能量释放剧烈程度。

The uniaxial compression tests of dry and water-saturated red sandstone containing a single hole are conducted to analyze the characteristics of force and deformation, crack extension mechanism, acoustic emission characteristics and energy evolution based on the TAW-2000 test equipment, camera system and PCI–2 acoustic emission detection analysis system. The results show that the mechanical parameters of water-saturated rock sample are significantly lower than those of dry rock sample while the coefficients of brittle drop significantly increase. Crack propagation process can be divided into four stages: initial deformation stage, crack initiation stage and crack stable propagation stage and crack unstable propagation stage. The initial cracks and secondary cracks of water-saturated rock sample are more and longer, and significant force drop appears when initial cracks generate and cracks propagate unsteadily. The ring counts of rock samples focus on crack initiation and crack unstable propagation stage. In the water-saturated rock sample, the AE signals are less than dry rock sample. The AE signals during crack initiation stage are more than those during crack unstable propagation stage. Compared with the dry rock sample, the external energy is easier to dissipate in the water-saturated rock sample and the energy storage rate is slower to reach the peak. Therefore, the stored elastic energy is less in the water-saturated rock sample, which is more conducive to reducing the intensity of energy release during rock failure.

国家自然科学基金(42202301),福建省自然科学基金(2020J05133),自然资源部丘陵山地地质灾害防治重点实验室(福建省地质灾害重点实验室)开放基金资助(FJKLGH2023K007),