我国餐厨废油年产量超过500万吨，其主要成分为脂肪酸甘油酯，通过合适的化学转化可制备成以脂肪烃类为主要组分的二代生物柴油（烃基生物柴油）。相较于第一代的传统酯基生物柴油（主要成份:脂肪酸甲酯或脂肪酸乙酯），二代生物柴油可与石化柴油以任何比例混合使用，燃烧性能更佳。目前，以餐厨废弃油脂为原料制备二代生物柴油绿色柴油的研究主要包括加氢催化工艺和水热催化工艺，为此，综述了本文对两类工艺的反应机理和反应参数进行对比，着重介绍在催化剂及载体选择、温度、气体等反应条件的研究与开发，总结出各自工艺的适用范围，为选择合适的工艺提供依据。同时对两项工艺未来的发展方向提出展望：加氢催化工艺在商用上较为成熟，未来研究的重点在于提升催化剂的稳定性和工艺经济性；水热催化工艺作为能够原位产氢的新兴技术，未来应对绿色高效的水热催化剂及连续流水热反应进行深入研究，推动水热催化工艺的工业应用。

The annual production of waste cooking oil (WCO) in China exceeds 5 million tons, mainly composed of fatty acid glycerides. Through appropriate chemical conversion, second-generation diesel with fatty hydrocarbons as the main component can be prepared. Compared to traditional ester biodiesel (mainly composed of fatty acid methyl ester or fatty acid ethyl ester), green diesel has better performance and can be mixed with petrochemical diesel in any proportion. At present, research on the preparation of green diesel from WCO mainly includes hydrogenation catalytic process and hydrothermal catalytic process. This article compares the reaction mechanisms and parameters of the two types of processes, focusing on the research and development of reaction conditions such as catalyst and carrier selection, temperature, gas, etc., summarizing the applicable scope of each process, and providing a basis for selecting suitable processes. At the same time, prospects are proposed for the future development direction of the two processes: the hydrogenation catalytic process is relatively mature in commercial use, and the focus of future research is to improve the stability of the catalyst and the process economy; As an emerging technology that can produce in-situ hydrogen, hydrothermal catalytic technology should conduct in-depth research on eco-friendly and efficient hydrothermal catalysts and continuous hydrothermal reactions in the future, promoting the industrial application of hydrothermal catalytic technology.