City trees are an important part of urban landscaping and greening. In recent years, climate change has caused the migration of city trees, which affects the sustainable development of urban living environment. Therefore, it is urgent to understand the suitable distribution areas and habitats of city trees under climate change. Based on the distribution status of 50 species of city trees in 147 cities in China, we used the MaxEnt model to study the changes of suitable distribution zones of city trees under the climate of 2070s, and analyzed the future suitability of city trees through the overlap of distribution zones and urban administrative areas, so as to provide a basis for urban landscape planning in China. The results showed that: (1) there are 50 common city trees in China, belonging to 24 families and 42 genera, among which Styphnolobium japonicum, Cinnamomum camphora and Ginkgo biloba are the most widely used, 65.6% of cities use native species, and 89.5% of cities use broadleaf trees. (2) Under climate change, the direction of movement of suitable areas for city trees is complex, and the area tends to contract (68%), with Rhizophora. apiculata and Ulmus. laevis showing the greatest changes. (3) The future suitability of city trees is related to the source and urban location, and the suitability of native plants is higher to exotic species; the proportion of high suitability municipal trees is higher in northern cities, while low suitability city trees dominate in the south. In the future, comprehensive considerations should be made to guide the high-quality development of urban landscaping according to local conditions.