3D printed concrete technology has the advantages of flexible, low-carbon, fast, formless construction, but the interface bonding problem may cause the printing layer to be not tightly bonded, affecting the strength. Overlapping print paths reduce defects and enhance interlayer bonding, increasing compressive strength. For steel fiber reinforced cement-based materials, the distribution direction of steel fiber is easily affected by the printing path, and the research on the compressive strength of 3D printed steel fiber reinforced cement-based materials under overlapping paths is insufficient. Based on 3D printing technology, this paper explored the compressive strength by using the parallel path and spiral overlapping path printing methods and varying the angle between the load and path direction and the pitch angle to fabricate steel fiber-reinforced cementitious cubic specimens. The following conclusions were drawn: In the X-Y plane, the compressive strength of parallel paths first increased and then decreased with the change in the angle between the load direction and the path direction, but it was less than that of cast-in-place specimens; In the X-Y plane, when the distribution direction of fibers is parallel to the loading direction, the compressive strength in the X direction is the highest (X direction), and when the distribution direction of fibers is perpendicular to the loading direction, the compressive strength is the lowest (Y direction); The compressive strength in the X, Y, and Z directions was significantly higher in the 30° pitch angle and 90° pitch angle paths compared to parallel paths; Compared to parallel structure printing, Bouligand structure reduced mechanical anisotropy. Bouligand structure printing method could be used as a measure to improve the compressive strength of components.