In this study, attapulgite (AT) biochar (BC) and zeolite (ZO) were used as the main raw materials combined with three kinds of exogenous porous passivators (EPP) to construct the chicken manure anaerobic digestion system. The morphological changes of organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus and copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) heavy metal ions (HMs) in the digestion system were analyzed by colorimetry and BCR continuous extraction method, and the passivation mechanism of Cu, Zn and the transformation and removal mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus in the digestion system were explored. The results showed that the addition of EPP could alleviate the acid inhibition in the anaerobic digestion process, and the addition of at and ZO had the best effect on the adsorption transformation of total nitrogen (TN) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), which increased by 30.43% and 26.30% compared with the control group; The addition of ZO and at had the best effect on total phosphorus (TP) and total phosphate (TPS), which increased by 9.33% and 17.74% compared with the control group; The contents of extractable (WA) and reducible (RD) copper and zinc in the three EPP groups were lower than those in the control group. The concentrations of WA and RD of Cu and Zn in the at group were 15.97% and 6.18% lower than those in the control group; N, P, Cu and Zn in chicken manure can be mineralized on the surface of porous passivator (EPP) by combining with s, V and other elements. The oxygen-containing carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups in dissolved organic matter DOM form stable complexes with HMS, and ammonia nitrogen and phosphate are crystallized and mineralized by electrostatic adsorption and hydrogen bonding.