落石运动模式与运动特征现场试验研究
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国家自然科学基金(50678182);重庆市自然科学基金(CSCT,2010BB4265);重庆交通大学青年科学基金(2006016)


Rockfalls Movement mode and Movement Features by Field Tests
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    摘要:

    落石试验是寻找落石运动敏感因素、探求运动规律和获取运动参数的较好方法.为厘清落石形状、块度大小和运动模式对其运动特征的影响规律,进行了112块落石现场试验;以落石形状、质量和运动弹跳次数为变量,统计分析了水平运动距离、运动速度的变动规律.试验结果表明:不管何种形状落石,运动模式均为滚动和弹跳,无明显滑动段;切坡平台和公路内侧沟槽拦截了59%的试验落石,显示出了良好的拦截能力,可考虑作为被动拦截措施;近球形、方形和短柱状落石水平运动距离、运动速度等均较大,且运动特征类似,而长方形、片状落石运动能力较差,且同长柱状落石运动特征相似,综合而言落石圆柱状假定较球形假定应更符合实际;落石质量越小则运动能力越差,但随机性越大;落石以滚动模式为主时动能损耗大,弹跳为主时则水平运动距离和运动速度较大,落石同坡表的碰撞会急剧改变落石的运动参数与方向.

    Abstract:

    Field test is a better way to find sensitive factors, explore movement law and get movement parameters in rockfall study. To analyze the influence of rockfall shape, size and movement patterns on its movement law, 112 rockfall field tests are implemented. Statistics of horizontal movement distance and velocity under the influence of rockfall shape, size, and rebounce time are conducted. The results show that no matter what shape rockfall is, its movement mode are limited to rolling and bouncing, and there is no apparent sliding section. And about 59% test rockfalls are intercepted by the platform of slope and roadside trench which can be selected as passive mitigation measures. The spherical, square and short cylinder rockfalls have longer horizontal movement distance, bigger faster velocity, and the same movement features. But the rectangular and sheet rockfalls have poor movement capacity, and their movement features are similar to that of the long cylinder rockfall. To sum up, the cylinder assumption for rockfall movement calculation is more realistic. The rockfalls with smaller quality have the worse movement capacity but the greater randomness. When the rockfalls roll mainly, the kinetic energy loss is serious, and both horizontal movement distance and velocity are greater when it bounces mainly. Furthermore, when rockfall collides with the slope surface, its movement parameters and direction will change dramatically.

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叶四桥,陈洪凯,许江.落石运动模式与运动特征现场试验研究[J].土木与环境工程学报(中英文),2011,33(2):18-23. YE Si qiao, CHEN Hong kai, XU Jiang. Rockfalls Movement mode and Movement Features by Field Tests[J]. JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING,2011,33(2):18-23.10.11835/j. issn.1674-4764.2011.02.005

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  • 收稿日期:2010-11-05
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