废水处理过程中涉及多种氮转化途径，其中，异化硝酸盐还原为铵（Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium，DNRA）能够将NO₃^-/NO₂^-转化为NH₄⁺，是氮素转化的重要一环。概述了DNRA过程的两步反应机理以及涉及的微生物，着重讨论了废水处理中影响DNRA过程的潜在因素，包括溶解氧、碳源种类、氮源种类、碳氮比、温度、pH值以及废水成分等，总结分析了各种因素如何调控DNRA与反硝化过程对硝态氮的竞争，并对废水处理中DNRA过程的两种主要分析手段进行了介绍。综述了DNRA过程在废水处理中的发生机制及其贡献，对未来DNRA过程的深入研究及废水中氮的去除或回收具有重要意义。

There are many ways of nitrogen transformation in wastewater treatment, among which dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) convert NO₃^-/NO₂^- into NH₄⁺, which is an important part of nitrogen transformation.This paper reviews the two-step reaction mechanism of DNRA process and microorganisms involved. In addition, the potential factors affecting the DNRA process in wastewater treatment, such as dissolved oxygen, types of carbon or nitrogen sources, C/N ratio, temperature, pH and special substances contained in wastewater,are emphatically discussed to explore how to regulate the competition between DNRA and denitrification fornitrate, and this paper introduces two main analytical methods for DNRA process in wastewater treatment.This paper confirms the occurrence and contribution of DNRA process in wastewater treatment, and the in-depth study of DNRA is of great significance for the removal or recovery of nitrogen in wastewater.

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国家自然科学基金（51922051）；天津市杰出青年基金（20JCJQJC00040）