To determine the influence of luminance uniformity on visibility levels, and to study methods of visibility design, we carried out experiments having different luminaire collocation modes. Cutoff luminaire and semicutoff luminaire were used in these experiments. The relationship of luminance uniformity and visibility level distribution of targets was studied based on small target visibility calculation methods. The results indicate that if luminance uniformity is good, the road luminance distribution should remain uniform, then the visibility levels of all targets are positive or negative). If luminance uniformity is insufficient, it can be reduced intentionally and the visibility level of each target can be increased. A higher STV value can be gained for the entire road. The method of limiting road visibility level distribution should be established in road lighting design.