Since P. R. China has experienced extensive land resource use, environmental degradation, lagging rural development and other difficulties in 20th century, urbancountryside integration and ecological planning has become an important subject to build a harmonious society in the 21st century. The country attempted to use complexity science and ecological thinking based on recognizing the relationship between the city and countryside and raising the citycountryside space ecology coupling concept to construct a citycountryside space planning methods system consisting of the identification of urban and rural land uses, urban and rural nonconstruction land planning, citycountryside coupled environmental conditions assessment, coordinated citycountryside space development and citycountryside space system fractal optimization, and more.