The stability behavior of shuttle-shaped steel lattice columns subject to combined axial force and bending moment was examined through elastic buckling analysis and geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis. Firstly, the concept of section stiffness variation ratio is proposed for shuttle-shaped lattice columns and the elastic buckling behavior is discussed. Then, the effect of bending moment on the stability behavior of lattice columns is investigated, with the emphasis on the development of axial stress, bending stress and shear stress. The influence of column component spacing and diaphragm thickness on the stability bearing capacity is also analyzed. It is shown that the elastic buckling mode of the lattice column is dependent on its section stiffness variation ratio; for lattice columns with C-shaped buckling mode, the reduction in stability bearing capacity caused by bending moment is smaller than that of columns with S-shaped buckling mode; the maximum stability bearing capacity of the lattice column can be achieved by adjusting the column component spacing, and the spacing corresponding to the maximum capacity is basically consistent with the critical spacing for transformation of C-shaped buckling mode and S-shaped mode; and it is more effective to increase the thickness of columns with S-shaped buckling mode to get larger bearing capacity.