The Brilliouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) is a newly developed technique adopted to measure and monitor the strain and temperature generated along optical fibers. The BOTDA has the characteristics of distributed measurement, long distance, high precision and durability, so it is suitable to structural health monitoring. Then a new optical fiber sensor embedded method based on air-blowing and vacuum grouting is introduced. It can lay the long distance distributed optical fiber into the concrete easily in short time. An experiment has been set up to study the validity of the new method, which shows that the embedded optical fiber can measure the concrete strain accurately, and it can realize the comprehensive, long-term, stable and real-time health monitoring to the civil structure.