The concrete structure has been used in low and ultra-low temperature environment. But few researches are experienced on its properties under freeze-thaw recycles with ultra-low temperature. Based on the standard for test methods of long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete, considering the influence of the times and minimum temperature of recycles, water-cement ratio and the external environment humidity, compressive and tensile strength of cubic concrete and scanning electron microscopy on the residual sample are experimented to explore the impact of freezing and thawing cycles under ultra-low temperature on its strength and microstructure. The results show that the role of cryogenic temperature for freeze-thaw cycles has a greater effect on concrete performance. With the temperature decreasing and water-cement ratio increasing, the damage tends to grow up. Consistent with the results of the strength tests, electron microscopy tests show that the pore size of mortar increases and the material becomes looser.