The shear tests were conducted on 18 different groups of deep beams with steel fiber and polypropylene fiber and two groups high performance concrete deep beams without fiber according to the orthogonal experimental design. By a definition of shear ductility index shear ductility of deep beams was analyzed quantitatively. The influence of six factors on improving shear ductility of deep beams was compared by direct-viewing analysis of the orthogonal experiment. The contributory factors such as the species of steel fiber, the volume fraction of steel fiber, the length/diameter aspect ratio of steel fiber, the volume fraction of polypropylene fiber, the ratio of web horizontal reinforcement and the ratio of web vertical reinforcement were analyzed. Results show that the volume fraction of steel fiber plays the most important role in improving shear ductility of deep beams exceeding the ratio of web horizontal reinforcement and the ratio of web vertical reinforcement, whereas species of steel fiber has minimum effect. Hybrid fiber can be used to greatly increase shear ductility of deep beams and shear ductility is at the most increased by 40.7% although it can not change the brittleness of shear damage. The full-range shear behaviors of deep beams through ABAQUS are analyzed and the calculated results are in good agreement with test results.