Dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) based on activated carbon sponge materials was studied and developed independently. The pollutant removal efficiency and operational characteristics were investigated in detail, and the feasibility of DMBR application in transformation of real wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was discussed by comparing the effluents. Results showed that the concentrations of COD, NH3-N, TN and TP in effluents were below 35.0 mg/L, 1.4 mg/L, 10.2 mg/L and 0.3 mg/L, respectively, with the HRT of 8 h and MLSS of 8 000 mg/L. The ultimate effluent was qualified to standard A of “Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant” (GB 18918-2002). Adsorption of activated carbon and the spatial structure of sponge synergistically strengthen the pollutant removal. DMBR can be used in upgrading and transformation of WWTP by replacing the existing advanced treatment process. The flux of the DMBR was recovered by intensified aeration backwashing and maintained steadily at the level of 30 L/(m 2·h).