In this study, the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 in a residential building in Shanghai were measured under minimum ventilation rate (external doors and windows closed), and the relationship between the indoor and outdoor PM concentrations (I/O ratio) and the influence of temperature and relative humidity were analyzed as well. Results showed that, the percentages of the concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5) of the indoor and outdoor air were 65% and 87% of the inhalable particulate(PM10)concentration during the test respectively. The I/O ratio was less than 1 without significant indoor sources. Meanwhile, the figure decreased as the size of particles decreased. Results also indicated that, the correlation between indoor and outdoor PM concentrations, PM1 and PM2.5 were more obvious than PM10, and the correlations showed obvious differences according to the weather conditions.The PM concentration was influenced by temperature and relative humidity, which was presented to be complex when affected by weather conditions.