Based on the single compression experiments in laboratory, the structural change characteristic of loess with different initial structural in single compression stress conditions was studied. The conclusions are: compared to the single axial compression strength between intact loess and remold loess in the same moisture conditions, strength of intact loess was way bigger than remold loess; when the water content was low, all of a sudden, the destruction model of loess samples was mainly brittle tensile failure; when the water content was low, there was relative little effect on metastable of structural and was relative little loss of initial structural strength, and relative more variability; and then, there was way higher initial structural strength. The structural index decreased sharply with the moisture increase of intact loess, and the effect of water content on initial structural is obvious; when the water content reached a certain value, moisture effect on initial structural of intact loess become more and more unobvious, and structural index of loess was relative small. In other words, the initial structural has been fully released by remolding and saturating; the reasonability of structural index which was quantitative described the initial structural of loess was verified.