To overcome the existing problems of bamboo reinforced concrete structure, several processing methods are proposed to improve the performance of bamboo bar. Experiments on twelve flexural members, including eleven bamboo reinforced concrete beams and one steel reinforced concrete beam, is carried out. The mechanical properties, failure modes and influential factors of flexural beams with different processing methods and reinforcement ratios are studied. The results show that: bamboo could improve effectively the flexural capacity of concrete beam, and the effective bonding between bamboo reinforcement and concrete could be achieved if the bamboo is processed by proper methods. Moreover, the plane-section assumption can be used for bearing capacity calculation of bamboo reinforced concrete beams. The failure mode of bamboo reinforced concrete beams is brittle fracture and the detailed fracture pattern is related to reinforcement ratios.