Comparision of resistant behavior was made between two kinds of seismic strengthening methods for the single-story brick-wood structure with brick columns representative of existing rural buildings in Beijing, through shaking table tests on large-scale models. According to the seismic damages of unreinforced model test, the seismic strengthening measures were proposed, which included: (1) addition of a concrete window frame to increase the lateral stiffness of front longitudinal wall, (2) strengthening the walls, brick columns and under-window walls by using cement mortar to increase the carrying and deformation capacity, (3) addition steel ring beam to enhance the robustness of the structure. The results of testing damage and the dynamic characteristics parameters, such as, dynamic frequency, structural damping, acceleration dynamic coefficient, hysteresis curve etc., showed that the reinforcement measures significantly increased the seismic resistance of this kind of brick-wood structure. At same time, the reinforcement measures could achieve the seismic design target of “operational under minor earthquakes, repairable damage under design basis earthquakes, and collapse prevention under rare earthquakes.”