To study the mechanical properties of square steel tube filled with steel-reinforced high strength concrete short composite column under axial load. Based on the reasonable selection of steel and concrete constitutive relation model and define the element type, contact model and load boundary conditions and loading pattern correctly. Using the large-scale general finite element analysis software ABAQUS to establish the finite element model of the square steel tube filled with steel-reinforced high strength concrete short composite column under axial load. The load versus strain relationship curves of the short composite columns were obtained by post-processing and were compared with the test results. At the same time, the whole process and the final failure mode of the typical specimen are analyzed. And the different categories simplified bearing capacity calculation formula of short composite column under axial load has been compared, and the optimal simplified formula was given.