Based on the unified strength theory and the influences of intermediate principal stress and the material of tension and compression ratio were considered when coming down to the ultimate bearing capacity of square steel tube-reinforced high strength concrete column. Effective constraint coefficient and ineffective constraint coefficient were introduced to consider the different constraint functions of concrete derived from the stirrups, the constraint concrete outside steel tube was divided into effective constraint region and ineffective constraint region. The square section was equivalent to circular section to consider the double constraint function to concrete in steel tube derived from steel tube and outer steel reinforced concrete. Then a new method for the axial ultimate bearing capacity of square steel tube-reinforced concrete column was deduced. The results were in good agreement with the experimental results and the correctness of the theory formulae was proved. Influential effects of some parameters were analyzed and the analysis results showed that the ultimate bearing capacity of square steel tube-reinforced high strength concrete column increased with the increase of the side pressure coefficient. Influence coefficient of intermediate principal stress, the material of tension and compression ratio and the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, while it decreases with the increase of radius-thickness ratio.