From the perspective of cultural landscape theory,this paper constructed the framework of protection of ancient towns by analyzing the components and evolution characters of cultural landscapes with traditional ancient towns,combined of the case of an ancient town-Qijiang，Mianyang City.Thus this paper figured out some suggestions on protection and development of ancient towns based on the principles of protecting the features of cultural landscape,such as to control ecological environment,to protect the features of history,to inherit the traditional cultural,to revive local skill and artistry,to set up the guarantee system for daily protection，so as to explore sustainable development way of traditional ancient towns.