In order to evaluate the influence rules of early frost damage on the bearing property and durability of concrete structure in service period, early frost experiments considering different admixtures and different freezing times were carried out. The surface damage forms of different freezing times were compared. The influence rules of freezing times and mineral admixtures on compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, dynamic elastic modulus and permeability of early frost admixture concrete were studied. The damage mechanism of early frost on service performance was discussed. The results showed that the damage degree of freezing time on compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and dynamic elastic modulus embodied as 2 h > 0.5 h ≈ 8 h > 1 d > 3 d. The most obvious loss was the splitting tensile strength, and the next was the dynamic elastic modulus. The least loss was the compressive strength. When 20% fly ash or 15% slag or 20% coal gangue was incorporated into concrete, the strength loss and the dynamic elastic modulus loss was the smallest and smaller than that of common concrete. With the increase of admixture, the anti-water-permeability and anti-air-penetration of concrete specimen at same freezing time were worsen. The anti-permeability of unfrozen concrete was the best, and the next is 3-day frozen concrete. The third is 1-day frozen concrete, and the anti-permeability of 0.5-hour frozen and 2-hour frozen and 8-hour frozen concrete were the worst and even beyond the test range of AutoClam equipment.