In order to investigate the stress responses of reinforced concrete column subjected to the couplings of axial compression and sulfate attack, this paper applied an existed diffusion-reaction equation of sulfation in concrete to obtain a relationship between the sulfate-induced damage degree and the ion concentration and the corrosion time. On the basis, a concrete-corroded constitutive model related to the damage degree and a calculating approach for stress responses of concrete under the couplings of axial compression and sulfate attack were proposed. Through numerical solution on these models, the changes of sulfate ion concentration, damage degree, strain and stress in concrete with the corrosion time were analyzed. Results show that the sulfate ion concentration and damage degree has a gradient distribution in concrete, and they are obviously influenced by the two-dimensional interactions in the cross section. With the increase of corrosion time, the damage zone gradually moves inward the cross section, and its width has a gradual increase, and the stress in the damage zone increases firstly and then has a gradual decrease, but in the no damage zone, the stress has a basically linear increase. In the process of sulfate attack, there produces the stress redistribution in concrete under axial compression.