Temperature and humidity were measured in two typical Huizhou dwellings in winter in order to compare the indoor thermal and humidity conditions in the Huizhou traditional vernacular dwelling with that in the modern dwelling. The indoor humidity environment and thermal comfort in different zones were also studied. The results show that the level of the humidity environment is at ‘wet’ and ‘very wet’ in the Huizhou traditional vernacular dwelling in which the relative humidity is higher than that in the modern dwelling. The daily amplitude of humidity is smaller in the traditional vernacular dwelling than that in the modern dwelling, which is considered that the indoor humidity environment is stable well. There is a strong correlation between the outdoor humidity ratio and the indoor humidity ratio with a correlation coefficient over 0.8 both in the traditional vernacular dwelling and the modern dwelling. However, only 7.36% time in the hall and 8.77% time in the wing-room are comfortable with natural ventilation in the traditional vernacular dwelling, that means that the thermal comfort is unsatisfied. To improve the indoor thermal comfort, it is supposed to apply local heating equipment.