The in-situ test was carried out for the environmental vibration response of the surrounding buildings and the ground caused by high speed railway trains, the spectrum analysis method was used to study vibration characteristics of the surrounding buildings and ground. The environmental vibration levels of high speed railway was analyzed and evaluated in combination with the vibration control standard of urban railway. The results of study show that the environmental vibration frequency caused by the 270 km/h high-speed trains is mainly concentrated on the range of 25~60 Hz.The vertical vibration of building is larger than the horizontal vibration, the maximum of Z-level of vertical vibration is 70.62 dB. The second vibration in the building has a obvious height amplification effect, the maximum Z-level of vertical vibration on the top floor of the building is about 1.094 times of that on the first layer. The ground vibration is obviously larger than that of the surrounding buildings, but the similar changing law is shown between the ground and the building, the maximum of vibration level of division frequency on the ground can up to 92 dB, but the maximum of vibration level of division frequency on the buildings can only up to 80 dB. The environmental noise of high speed railway is up to 92.8 dB, more than the severe pollution standards of city environmental noise. Environmental noise pollution caused by high speed railway is greater than the impact of environmental vibration, the corresponding noise reduction and sound insulation measures should be adopted to effectively control the level of environmental noise.