The aluminum alloy material is of advantages, including as high strength, good deformation performance and corrosion resistance. And it is an ideal strengthen engineering material for reinforced concrete structures in coastal erosion environment. The bonding performance of the aluminum alloy plate and the concrete is the key issue for cooperative work of RC beam strengthened with aluminum alloy plate. Therefore, the bonding behaviors between aluminum alloy plate and concrete are studied theoretically and experimentally. In order to take into account the effects of concrete strength, width and thickness of aluminum alloy plate, bonding length and interfacial treatment on bonding performance between aluminum alloy plate and concrete block, a set of fixture device was designed. In-plane simple shear tests of 105 aluminum alloy plates adhering on concrete prism were carried out by universal testing machine. Combined with experimental results and theoretical analyses, the typical bond failure characteristics, the distribution of shear stress and the bond-slip curve were obtained. Results show that there are two types of failure modes on specimen:failure caused by debonding of interfacial and by stripping of concrete layer. Interfacial treatment has important influence on the bonding properties. Failure caused by interfacial debonding appeared on specimen with no rough treatment. Failure of the other specimens is stripped by concrete layer. The bonding performance is improved with the increase of concrete strength, and decrease of width and thickness of the aluminum alloy plate. The bonding ultimate load cannot be increased when the bonding length is greater than that of the effective bonding length.