HRB600E bar is a new type of high-strength reinforcing bar. For improving the seismic performance of rectangular columns and popularizing the HRB600E bar, the reversed cyclic loading test for different coaxial compression ratio, reinforcement strength and longitudinal reinforcement ratio is firstly carried out for the six high strength reinforced concrete columns with HRB600E bars. Then, the hysteric curve, skeleton curve and longitudinal reinforcement strain curve of specimen under low cyclic reversed loading were obtained. Finally, the failure characteristics, hysteresis characteristics, skeleton curves and stiffness degradation of high strength reinforced concrete columns are analyzed. The results showed that the failure characteristics of the high strength reinforced concrete columns with HRB600E are similar to the common reinforced concrete columns. Reducing the axial compression ratio or increasing the reinforcement strength can improve the hysteresis characteristics of high strength reinforced concrete columns with HRB600E bars. Besides, the seismic performance of the specimen can be improved by reducing stiffness degradation. The mechanical behavior of the high strength reinforced concrete columns is better when used with high strength concrete.