In order to study the load transfer pattern and the bearing capacity difference between the open test pile and the closed test pile in the static pile sinking process in the cohesive soil, the method of pre-embedded sensitized micro-fiber grating sensor is adopted in this paper. In the foundation soil, a comparison test of the bearing capacity of the test piles in different pile end models was carried out. The variation of pile force, pile end resistance, pile side friction resistance and pile axial force was measured. The testing results show that the fiber Bragg grating sensor can monitor the pile body stress state in the pile sinking process in real time; the pile bearing capacity and pile end resistance of the open and closed model pipe piles all increase with pile depth, with differentmagnitudes. The axial force of the pile under the depth is gradually decreasing; the ratio of the pile end resistance of the open pipe pile and the closed pipe pile is more than 50%; the double-walled open-ended model pipe pile is used for the pile side friction resistance, of which the outer tube is 3 times as much as the inner tube.. When the penetration depth of the open pipe pile reaches a maximum of 90 cm, the height of the soil plug is stable at 33 cm. Consequently, the distribution of the side frictional resistance of the pile side increase from the top to the bottom.