In order to reduce the influence of vehicle loads on the vibration of building structure, a new type of steel spring floating slab vibration isolation road was designed, and the dynamic design parameters of floating slab were studied. On the basis of finite element test verification of the scale model of floating slab, four parameters were selected and orthogonal tested, including length and thickness of floating slab, spring stiffness and support spacing. Total of 81 cases of corresponding 3D finite elements were established. The modal analysis method was used to study the influence of various parameters on the natural frequency and vibration mode of the floating slab. The traffic load excitation was measured, and the response of the floating slab structure in the time domain and the frequency domain was analyzed, and the vibration damping effect of each parameter of floating slab structure is discussed by Z vibration level and insertion loss. The results show that the fundamental frequency of each sample is mainly distributed between 4 Hz and 10 Hz. The fundamental frequency directly affects the vibration isolation performance of the steel spring floating slab. With the decrease of the length, the increase of the thickness, the decrease of the stiffness of the spring and the increase of the spacing of the supports, the isolation effect of the floating slab structure is obviously improved. The vibration amplification frequency band of the floating slab structure is located near the fundamental frequency and in the range of 14~18.0 Hz under the traffic load excitation. The VL_z vibration level increases with increasing frequency in the range of 0~18 Hz, and then decreases with increasing frequency, but does not exceed 72 dB. For the vibration response within the range of 0~40 Hz, the maximum amount of vibration reduction in all samples is 40.6 dB, and the maximum amount of emission at the fundamental frequency is 17.4 dB.