When the uniform damage state of structures is developed under strong earthquakes, each story has an approximately equal story drift ratio and damage, and the material potential of each structural components is fully exploited, which makes for the global yielding mode and energy dissipation mechanism. By considering the global and local damage, the optimization design procedure of seismic uniform damage of reinforced concrete frame structures was firstly constructed based on the optimality criteria method. The analytical model of reinforced concrete frame structures considering the soil-structure-interaction was developed based on the Beam on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation (BNWF) model. Two 5-and 8-reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures were employed as the prototype structures. The uniform damage optimization design was performed and the influence of main convergence parameters were analyzed. The structural reinforcements, component rotations and maximum interstory drift ratio before and after optimization were compared. According to the story shear distribution of two optimized RC frames, a new lateral force pattern for seismic design was proposed using the format of Chinese seismic design code.