To systematically evaluate seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame structure designed with lead viscoelastic damper (LVD), a 6-layer RC frame (RCF) and LVD-damped RC frame (LVDF) in 8 degree (0.2g) were designed and established. Finite analysis models of the RCF and LVDF were built using OpenSees. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) was conducted to both RCF and LVDF using a total of 22 far field ground motion records as recommended from ATC-63. Based on results of IDA, probabilistic seismic demand analysis followed with the seismic fragility analysis was carried out for RCF and LVDF, and the probability of achieving different damage states of RCF and LVDF were quantitatively evaluated. The analysis results show that lead viscoelastic damper can be used to seismically control structural dynamic behavior so that structural response of LVDF is smaller than that of RCF under the same earthquake. As shown in results of probabilistic seismic demand analysis, LVD reduce dispersion of structural dynamic analysis results due to differences characteristics of ground motion records. As shown in seismic fragility analysis results, LVDF has lower probability of exceedance under different damage states than that of RCF, indicating that LVD can significantly both release structural damage and improve seismic performance of the structure.