An innovative resilient rocking (IRR) column was developed to achieve the rapid recovery of the performance of the frame structure after earthquakes. Quasi-static cyclic tests on two full-scaled IRR columns were carried out to further investigate the influence of stiffener height at the column end on the seismic performance of IRR columns. The test results show that the hysteresis curves of the two specimens are full, which shows good hysteresis performance and deformation ability. When the height of the internal stiffener of the IRR column root is insufficient, the horizontal load will cause out-of-plane buckling of the side panel of the steel column, which will further cause the plastic deformation of the steel plate damper lags behind. When the height of the internal stiffener is sufficient, the column body is always in an elastic state. And the steel dampers finally ruptured after full development of plastic deformation, achieving the design philosophy of “strong column and weak damper”. As the stiffener height increased from 100 mm to 420 mm, the maximum loading capacity and the initial stiffness of IRR columns increased by 11.5% and 25.1% respectively, while the ultimate deformation dropped by 39.3%. The findings can be referenced for application of earthquake resilience structures.