The remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil was studied by using activated carbon enhanced microwave thermal effect technology in a petrochemical plant. Under the best condition of microwave treatment, the treatment effect of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil was investigated in the site. The components and removal characteristics of petroleum pollutants were analyzed by 3D-EEM (three-dimensional fluorescence) and GC (gas chromatography), and the deep biodegradation test of the repaired soil was carried out by the bacterial strengthening method. The results showed that the activated carbon enhanced microwave thermal remediation technology had a better removal effect on petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. Under the experimental conditions of microwave power of 700 W, irradiation for 15min, soil moisture content of 10% and addition of 5% activated carbon, the content of petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil could be reduced from 5 700 mg/kg to 2 800 mg/kg, and the removal rate reached 50.9%; GC analysis showed that the main pollutants in the soil were TPH (C₆-C₉), TPH (C₁₅-C₂₈) and TPH (C₂₉-C₃₆), and after the microwave thermal remediation, the removal rate of TPH (C₁₅-C₂₈) in the soil was higher, reaching 70.4%; Based on 3D-EEM analysis, the results showed that the microwave thermal remediation had a better effect on removing tricyclic aromatic compounds and their homologues in the soil. The deep biodegradation of the engineered bacterial agent was carried out on the soil after microwave thermal remediation, the results showed that after 14 days of degradation, the content of petroleum hydrocarbon in the contaminated soil decreased to 716.8 mg/kg, and the removal rate increased to 74.4%, which reached the first class of land selection value in standard for Soil Environmental Quality Standards for Soil Pollution Risk Control of Construction Land (Trial) (GB 36600-2018).