Through a series of model tests in laboratory, the horizontal bearing characteristics of the pile in the calcareous sand foundation were investigated. The influence of the pile length on the pile top displacement, the rotation of the pile head, bending moment of the pile body and the distribution of the pile side soil pressure were analyzed. In addition, it is compared with model piles in silica sand (Fujian standard sand). The test results show that the horizontal displacement-load curve of the model pile in the calcareous sand is abrupt, and the pile length has a significant influence on the horizontal bearing characteristics. Increasing the pile length can significantly increase the ultimate horizontal bearing capacity of model pile, and the pile deformation gradually changes from rigid rotation to bending deformation. The distribution range of the bending moment along the pile body is changed from the whole pile length to half. The soil pressure on the side of the pile is mainly distributed in the upper soil layer on the soil-facing side, and the soil pressure changes significantly with the increase of the horizontal load. Under low stress levels, the horizontal bearing capacity of a single pile in calcareous sand is greater than that in silica sand. The model test of calcareous sand under higher stress levels needs to be further explored.