Under the background of the information era, the application of big data on bridge engineering has become a hot topic. The massive data obtained from data collection methods like bridge health monitoring have brought great challenges to bridge engineering practitioners in terms of data processing and application. Focusing on the research progress of big data on bridge engineering in 2020, we reviewed data preprocessing methods such as efficient storage, exception handling, redundancy and noise reduction, and focuses on specific applications of big data such as damage identification, condition assessment, and intelligent management. The relevant research progress of big data on bridge engineering in 2020 is sorted out and the existing achievements along with the focuses and difficulties of future research applications are summarized.