In order to systematically study the influence of multi-parameter combinations on the seismic performance and establish a reliable numerical analysis model of circular reinforced concrete piers, a quasi-static orthogonal test of four-factors and three-level for circular reinforced concrete bridge piers has been carried with pier height ( shear span ratio ), longitudinal reinforcement ratio, axial compression ratio and stirrup ratio as factors.Then the skeleton curve and hysteretic behavior of specimens were simulated with fiber model and equivalent plastic hinge model using OpenSees platform. The results show that all test piers have good seismic performance,the displacement ductility is between 5.3 and 8.4, and the equivalent viscous damping ratio is between 0.19 and 0.29. At the level of confidence of 0.1, the pier height and longitudinal reinforcement ratio have a greater influence on the ultimate displacement, the aspect ratio and longitudinal reinforcement ratio have a significant effect on the maximum lateral load, the longitudinal reinforcement ratio has a significant impact on the cumulative energy, the aspect ratio and axial load ratio have a greater impact on the equivalent stiffness, and the aspect ratio is negatively correlated with the maximum lateral load, the rest are all positively correlated. The force-displacement relationship curves of bridge piers derived from the fiber element model agree well with experimental results.Both numerical simulation of the section-level and component-level based on equivalent plastic hinge model can be used as an effective method to evaluate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete bridge piers.